Science annotation · annotations/sa-001

Psilocybin mushrooms catalyzed the evolution of human consciousness and the doubling of the hominin brain over two million years.

Education, not medical advice. Drafts and study material from an independent research library. Citations on this page were checked on Oct 13, 2026; claims in the body text and organizational sources are still under review. What was checked.

Unresolved

Psilocybin mushrooms catalyzed the evolution of human consciousness and the doubling of the hominin brain over two million years.

Claim source
Food of the Gods, Chapter 2
Current evidence · confidence: low
The neuroplasticity claim is partially confirmed (Shao et al. 2021, dendritic spine growth persisting 1+ month post-exposure). The specific evolutionary timeline lacks fossil or genetic confirmation. No mushroom residue in early hominin coprolites. The mechanism McKenna proposes is unfalsifiable with current tools.
Citation
Shao et al. (2021); Nichols, Pharmacological Reviews (2016)